In most cases, prostate cancer symptoms are not apparent in the early stages of the disease. The symptoms of prostate cancer may be different for each man and any one of these symptoms may be caused by other conditions. As a result, routine screenings in the form of digital rectal exams (DRE) and prostate specific androgen (PSA) tests are important. When prostate cancer does cause symptoms or signs, it is usually diagnosed in a later stage. These symptoms and signs may include:
• Frequent urination
• Weak or interrupted urine flow or the need to strain to empty the bladder
• Blood in the urine
• The urge to urinate frequently at night
• Blood in the seminal fluid
• New onset of erectile dysfunction
• Pain or burning during urination, which is much less common
• Discomfort when sitting, caused by an enlarged prostate
Other noncancerous conditions, such as BPH or an enlarged prostate, cause similar symptoms. Urinary symptoms also can be caused by an infection or other conditions. In addition, sometimes men with prostate cancer do not have any of these symptoms.
If cancer has spread outside of the prostate gland, a man may experience:
• Pain in the back, hips, thighs, shoulders, or other bones
• Swelling or edema in the legs or feet
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Change in bowel habits
If you are concerned about one or more of the symptoms or signs on this list, please talk with your doctor. Your doctor will ask how long and how often you have been experiencing the symptom(s), in addition to other questions. This is to help find out the cause of the problem, called a diagnosis.
If cancer is diagnosed, relieving symptoms remains an important part of cancer care and treatment. This may also be called symptom management, palliative care, or supportive care. Be sure to talk with your health care team about symptoms you experience, including any new symptoms or a change in symptoms.
⎫ The American Cancer Society recommends that men make an informed decision with their doctor about whether to be tested for prostate cancer, beginning at age 50. Men with one or more risk factors for prostate cancer should consult with their physician about whether to start routine screening earlier.
